Impact of Fixed External Shading Devices on Energy Consumption of Green Educational Building in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Climate Region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70917/fce-2026-021Keywords:
fixed external shading, energy-saving, hot summer and warm winter, green buildingAbstract
Through establishing a set of criteria systems, green building assessment provides specific and clear regulations for various aspects to guide the practice of green building. As an effective energy-saving measure, the external shading design can play a better role in reducing the transmittance of glass receiving solar radiation, as well as lowering the heat absorbed by the external enclosure structure, to achieve better indoor thermal environment comfort. Hence, the impact of fixed external shading facilities on their thermal and energy-saving performance has been highlighted in the existing research. However, there is a lack of comprehensive assessment methods for this passive energy-saving technique in either scientific research or practical evaluation standards, covering various aspects of energy conservation, economy, and environment. The intention of this study is to assess the impact of fixed external shading designs on energy consumption based on a green educational building project within hot summer and warm winter climate region in China. To fulfil this aim, a case study of a kindergarten building located in Shenzhen and a Chinese local building energy-saving simulation software BESI 2024 have been applied. The energy-saving rate of building envelope has been adopted as assessed criteria. Four types of fixed external shading design have been considered, e.g., horizontal shading, vertical shading, baffle-type shading, and integrated shading. Simulation results generated the best fixed external shading strategy among 21 proposed fixed external shading cases, which is ‘Integrated shading I’ with 6.03% of energy-saving rate of building envelope. This paper not only demonstrates details on how to apply BESI for building energy-saving simulation, but also provides data support for subsequent comprehensive assessment analysis on the best choice of fixed external shading design.
References
DOHURD-GD. (2021) Building Carbon Emission Calculation Guidelines (Trial). Guangzhou: DOHURD-GD. Available at: http://zfcxjst.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/481/481058/3803752.pdf. (Accessed 14 May 2024).
GBSWARE. (2024a) Introduction of BESI 2024. Available at: http://www.gbsware.cn/news/202312/1805.html. (Accessed 12 March 2024).
GBSWARE. (2024b) Introduction of GBSWARE. Available at: http://www.gbsware.cn/news/web_8.html. (Accessed 12 March 2024).
GBSWARE. (2025) Introduction of BESI 2016. Available at: http://www.gbsware.cn/news/201602/873.html. (Accessed 23 October 2025).
Ge, J.H., and Ren, P. (2021) ‘Optimal design of sun shading with genetic algorithm based on multi-objective of light-thermal comfort and energy consumption-A case study of classroom in a primary and secondary schools in Guangzhou’, 2021 National Academic Symposium on Teaching and Research of Architectural Digital Technology in Architectural Departments and DADA2021 Academic Symposium on Digital Architecture, pp.304–311. https://doi.org/10.26914/c.cnkihy.2021.036958.
Jiang, Y. (2020) Study on the evaluation method of building external sunshade based on building comprehensive performance analysis-taking Nanjing office building as an example. Master’s Thesis. Southeast University. https://doi.org/10.27014/d.cnki.gdnau.2020.004299.
Jiang, Y.L. (2021) Research on the cooperative control strategy of shading and lighting in office buildings-taking Zhengzhou as an example. Master’s Thesis. Zhongyuan University of Technology. https://doi.org/10.27774/d.cnki.gzygx.2021.000110.
Khoroshiltseva, M., Slanzi, D., and Poli, I. (2016) ‘A Pareto-based multi-objective optimization algorithm to design energy-efficient shading devices’, Applied Energy, 184, pp.1400–1410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.015.
Kim, G., Lim, H.S., Lim, T.S., Schaefer, L., and Kim, J.T. (2012) ‘Comparative advantage of an exterior shading device in thermal performance for residential buildings’, Energy and Buildings, 46, pp.105–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.10.040.
Li, X.D. (2008) ‘The experience of international green building assessment standards and suggestions for the development of green buildings in Beijing’, Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection, (10), pp. 17–19. Available at: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=tBI8TAhqnxS_n7LA7jZZxnIqa3V-M3XDSNFqYbmX5xLT_0MinKLWSKSEvUujau4GXu87eApSHsjxTEOoNyqRiMYVfjAvDwIynKW0BGCouwz5IlWuQmT7Mmd8Kg3avU2g5-YYkORD3CaNlDBjD8qgSi8Om5VUajlsTAOM07cySSR5lCBMU1-qLg==&uniplatform=OVERSEA&l
Lin, J.L., Liu, H., and Wang, B. (2020) ‘Comparison and analysis of shading measures for existing buildings in hot summer and warm winter zone’, Urban Architecture Space, 27(02), pp.54–57. Available at: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=9FozRGRw00I_zlpqB7Us99Vf9F0KSPB2J4iimxXEUxRRMYVZb59Vx826pXr1NTuJdpu2oN6VfVsGFR_VGZNDr5lvvhtV5ZdytLG2cgAuisObSdBY-ZeN9BrABIivqhq9X9abyycxtNnmJF-KLKQT75FhoVsFkDbtAxBCbEk5nRmY3X-257l2fg==&uniplatform=OVERSEA&l
Liu, L. (2022) Optimisation study on daylight environment of primary and middle school classroom with side-light based on visual comfort-Take South China for example. Master’s Thesis. South China University of Technology. https://doi.org/10.27151/d.cnki.ghnlu.2022.003050.
Liu, L.N. (2011) Analysis and evaluation of the influence of external shading on residential building daylighting and ventilation in Guangzhou. Master’s Thesis. South China University of Technology. Available at: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=tBI8TAhqnxSnW8-yMCPYlMIBg5CqQdo6juMEAoK3zKbbpM-O9yd03sTSyL11shi5MV3HCYVWBXaVI2c-kxiNOYpSiJLeAc1vwStGuPkCUgKxt935Qi45jkqbvK0E6S5gYOLt6DBR4upbe-ufhLdbly9W7PlTugE0fYyYC9ZBeRTPi-FZLl-oRg==&uniplatform=OVERSEA&l
Liu, T.T. (2010) Analyzes of architectural energy consumption and optimizing selection of shading product in Beijing District. Master’s Thesis. Beijing University of Technology. Available at: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=9FozRGRw00JCpfTz6Wy2e-b-co6jvgAcemD0TpgjD0vZe-dMtvmK1KaDqdLPiA6OnueJ6nVAilvv5LGvTkCWWnqigb59MvAbD0lh_yIF0za88H6wh1640qe4uoFxZ0oQtYlW7NiU-YmevlFKsDGW8bftra8L_LSbGFXcZ8S7RAJg21Qhu9Z-pA==&uniplatform=OVERSEA&l
Lu, Z. (2011) ‘Building energy saving analysis of shading measures’, Guide to Business, (18), pp.277–278. https://doi.org/10.19354/j.cnki.42-1616/f.2011.18.198.
MOHURD. (2012) Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in hot summer and warm winter zone JGJ 75-2012. Beijing. Available at: https://www.doc88.com/p-4062504932289.html. (Accessed 24 January 2024).
MOHURD. (2016) Thermal design code for civil building GBT50176-2016. Beijing. Available at: https://www.doc88.com/p-9902565899026.html. (Accessed 10 March 2024).
MOHURD. (2018) Standard for green performance calculation of civil building JGJ/T 499-2018. Beijing. Available at: https://max.book118.com/html/2022/0416/5332143233004213.shtm. (Accessed 14 March 2024).
SMBHC. (2018) Design Code for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings SJG 44-2018. Shenzhen. Available at: https://www.renrendoc.com/paper/217308552.html. (Assessed 04 March 2025).
Suman, S., Calautit, J.K.S., Wei, S., Tien, P.W., Chen, X., Wang, Z., and Sun, H. (2025) ‘Assessing the energy-saving potential of passive strategies in commercial buildings in the top upcoming megacities’, Energy Catalyst, 01, pp.1-21. https://doi.org/10.61552/EC.2025.001.
Wan, L.Q. (2012) Study on the energy saving effect of building sunshade in Nanchang. Master’s Thesis. East China Jiaotong University. Available at: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=9FozRGRw00KuL1yp_8cMF9El9MNBu2xv6yef_q2W8J4szg-8QHGNeTVBmhVvTqxINXuXi2REjhAuuCqK0wVV4ibcfQTX-UNpzpkETM_KiDawtdgcHbTpoP-4znbLv5JcYNqmlG4ztQ86ThSJq3cpUdYSiqtoveoqMm38zK_cK85cn_opt6szEgaRqH_47DOE&uniplatform=OVERSEA&language=CHS
Wang, J.W. (2020) ‘Study on the dynamic daylight simulation of office space based on typical shading strategies’, Urbanism and Architecture, 17(19), pp.97–105. https://doi.org/10.19892/j.cnki.csjz.2020.19.021.
Wang, P. (2013) Research on external sun shading of campus building windows in Guangzhou University Town. Master’s Thesis. Guangzhou University. Available at: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=9FozRGRw00IVSsGcMN_jTM0tw_OPH26N8aXu_J8VdmbDNVVyekVPPNAVJyRETybVz3r6Es2VRp_eOXc8i5EcWJgXOHrS1wKg9x8lcwgg6HzckeHAUW9p2nyWZd6RAWQe1g91QTIA3-ZwNKbFe4F3E35Ej0yU5BmUDe9_Ns3sY4qWO_FbpT5Zpdui4tUC4lqs&uniplatform=OVERSEA&language=CHS
Wang, X. (2021) Research on multi-objective optimization of shading louver system based on genetic algorithm. Master’s thesis. Guangdong University of Technology. https://doi.org/10.27029/d.cnki.ggdgu.2021.001399.
Yang, L. (2019) The research on design technology of fixed outer shading for office building window in Nanchang Area. Master’s Thesis. Nanchang University. https://doi.org/10.27232/d.cnki.gnchu.2019.000281.
Yang, Z., Liang, S., and Wang, G.Q. (2016) ‘Study on the design strategy of exterior shading of residential buildings in hot-humid and cold-humid areas’, Doors & Windows, (03), pp.45–47. Available at: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=tBI8TAhqnxRX-QSZiyAqjtnUuKe_eGXL5_sPxby66uWpwy0nMVH9L0Nof6zPplvJuyyqmKWQjr-PB5GxEcRMe4v_gd78Gg1ZrPdNqO9OYZVn5DsHyCZVuTnXa2nE4TMfClnoGeclRkcSLJ-dy-3wXIeJrNqSSMHj6OsfKJeNRaszYLhLA3s3CQ==&uniplatform=OVERSEA&language=CHS
Zeng, Z.W. (2018) Passive design application research of educational building in Guangzhou area. Master’s Thesis. Guangzhou University. Available at: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=9FozRGRw00KNXHdr1_g1mpV2RIrmxJVhKPaASC_23Wq3W7dInw7bnD-CBmMKAWTwMswvAYb-D6DC_7K92IRBW5ysZx-c4x7xFeOfbNqPUizRZXCfRdfIVqgwJOhi5oDLS1Noq6yyMkDcVH85MxhW5t59pr_9dR3ioLdkpooqD-e6xwajXMi0-gt1ZLLPs186&uniplatform=OVERSEA&language=CHS
Zhang, T. (2022) Study on the optimization of external shading of teaching building in college station vocational education of Zhuzhou. Master’s Thesis. Hunan University of Technology. https://doi.org/10.27730/d.cnki.ghngy.2022.000080.
Zhang, W. (2016) Research on the impact of external sunshade louvers on energy consumption and comfort - taking Tianjin as an example. Master’s Thesis. Tianjin University. Available at: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=9FozRGRw00LpZ6JkgwnOpxO84VTfpXFB9zeVD66UBeX4lqoFrIGT29WNY3rJoJny02XsIiVgP4i6BxXkmxn7e3L7wg9VaZJ616HqgW9NXyKKICxJLNvZHElHeE5K2azkkkbydAkoRRilcUryK9D9tbdSKE2eTu5VEKJ7qzryaDixDuR29Ak55-6jYOz5DfZd&uniplatform=OVERSEA&language=CHS
Zhong, T.L. (2021) Study on shading design of teaching building outside window in Chengdu area. Master’s Thesis. Xihua University. https://doi.org/10.27411/d.cnki.gscgc.2021.000152.
Zhuo, H.J. (2015) Energy-saving optimization of green buildings in hot summers and warm winters: A case study of public buildings. Master’s Thesis. South China University of Technology. Available at: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=9FozRGRw00IgjD8l3O6_gHxNYuG3Skrm1-gCLPcS7k-ZNYwodQkz_7Yqycm0fsCeAzoeNWMtBApPF-O9q4uV5x8zN7Tjvwe6A-YLiLdGUEKxk0oUhlCcau6y2ypERtLCtKqS7lQ4hIXO-5Gp0rKgoHeayQI8zeSH4KkFjqhVKCuZpTuLCfbZozxy-8XCCXIK&uniplatform=OVERSEA&language=CHS
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2026-10-21 (3)
- 2026-09-24 (2)
- 2026-09-14 (1)
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Future Cities and Environment
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
